Four species of lichenicolous fungi are described as new to science: Abrothallus leifidii (on Leifidium), Micarea novae-zelandiae (on Bunodophoron), Spirographa bunodophoronis (on Bunodophoron), and Umushamyces wedinii (on Bunodophoron). Pyrenocarpous ascomycete 1 (on Bunodophoron), which resembles Polycoccum species, and pyrenocarpous ascomycete 2 (on Sphaerophorus), which resembles Endococcus oropogonicola are briefly characterised. Cercidospora punctillata is first reported from Sphaerophorus fragilis. Clypeococcum wedinii is newly reported for Australia (Tasmania), Bunodophoron australe and B. melanocarpum are its new host species. Lichenoconium erodens is new to Australia and New Zealand, L. usneae is new to Australia, both are first documented on a member of Sphaerophoraceae (Bunodophoron). A species of Pyrenidium is newly reported on a member of Sphaerophoraceae (Bunodophoron formosanum). A key to 18 species of lichenicolous fungi known to occur on Sphaerophoraceae is provided. Key words: Argentina, Australia, Chile, New Zealand, Russia, lichen-dwelling fungi, taxonomy.