Randlanea usneicola gen. & sp. nov., found on Usnea longissima, is described, illustrated, and compared with other morphologically similar genera of coelomycetes. The new genus is characterised by a lichenicolous habit, phialidic conidiogenesis, multilocal, occasionally annellidic conidiogenous cells, and conidia formed in chains, initially 1–2(–3)-septate, subsequently often disintegrating into aseptate fragments. Sporidesmium usneae (first reported for Russia) with relatively short and poorly septate conidia is briefly characterised and illustrated. Key words: Asexual morphs, lichen-inhabiting fungi, new genus.