The lichens of the Black Forest Biosphere Reserve. Lichens contribute to the diversity of the Black Forest Biosphere Reserve to a considerable extent. The list of recorded lichens includes 830 species. In addition, around 110 species of lichenicolous fungi are reported. The most frequent and the most characteristic lichen communities of the study area are described. The area turns out as the region with the highest lichen diversity in Germany outside the Alps. Many species are very rare and endangered. Several species are restricted to the Black Forest Biosphere Reserve within Germany. Keywords: Lichen diversity, lichen communities, lichenicolous fungi, Germany, Black Forest.