A new locality of rare lichen species, Stereocaulon pileatum, in the Wielkopolska region was found in 2017 in the vicinity of Wieruszów city. The lichen grew massively on small melaphyre stones on the railway embankment over a lenght of almost 2 kilometers. The optimal habitat conditions are confirmed not only by the mass occurrence, but also by the good health of the thallus and the presence of numerous fruiting bodies. It is a species known in Poland from only 15 sites in the mountains. It is under strict legal protection and having the EN category in the “Red List of Polish Lichens”. Key words: distribution of lichens, rare and endangered species, Wielkopolska region, Poland.