[Original Russian Text published in Ekologiya, 2022, No. 6, pp. 430–437] A study of the trunks of spruce and birch trees after a windblow on the territory of the Zvenigorod Biological Station of Moscow State University and the Sima Quarry Nature Reserve (Moscow oblast) was carried out. The diversity of epiphytic lichens depending on height of the trunk was studied. It is shown that the position on the tree trunk significantly affects the number of identified lichen species, which increases monotonously with height. Both spruce and birch trees are characterized by a high non-matching diversity of lichen biota in the lower and upper parts of the trunk (and especially in the crown). The complex of the dominant lichen species was changing throughout trunks examined. It is noted that the finds of Bryoria and Usnea spp. protected in the Moscow oblast are concentrated in the upper part of the trunks. Keywords: lichen biota, biodiversity, height gradient, coniferous-deciduous forests, spruce, birch, protected species, Moscow oblast.