The article presents the results of a revision of herbarium specimens of gyrophoric acid containing Acarospora species in Belarus. Two species were recorded, A. fuscata and A. umbilicata. Morphological and anatomical characters, ecology and distribution of both species are discussed. Our revision sufficiently extended the knowledge about range of Acarospora umbilicata in Eastern Europe. For this species, two genes, nrITS and mtSSU, were generated and available through GenBank for further phylogenetic research. Based on a list of 1081 species and infraspecific names we estimated the genus Acarospora is currently represented by 307 taxa. Key words: biodiversity, lichen, distribution.