[in Russian with English summary: ] The article analyzes the ecology and distribution of species of genera: Bryoria Brodo et D. Hawksw., Ramalina Ach., Usnea Dill. ex Adans., found in Moscow region and listed in the red book of the region (2018). It is based on literature materials and monitoring data that we conducted as part of the «Verkhovye» Nature protection Fund in 2010– 2019. In the period from 1906 to 1995, a greater number of Ramalina species were cited for Moscow region than at present, some of the finds of Usnea species were made on the outskirts of Moscow and in the near Moscow region, meanwhile the distribution of genus Bryoria was not studied. Currently, the most favorable conditions for the development of lichens are formed in the North, West and North-West of the Moscow region, where the largest number of finds of various species with maximum abundance is noted. In the South-east, their settlement is probably hindered by dust, increased dryness of the air and the presence of harmful compounds in the atmosphere. In their distribution, lichens prefer intact habitats with high humidity and minimal air pollution: large fragments of preserved protected old-growth forests (spruce and sprucesmall- leaved), swampy forests and forest swamps. For the most common species with a high abundance (Bryoria fuscescens (Gyeln.) Brodo et D. Hawksw. and B. capillaris (Ach.) Brodo et D. Hawksw., Usnea hirta (L.) Weber ex F. H. Wigg.), it is possible to track the dynamics of changes in the environment. The rarest species are recommended to keep category 1–2 in the Red book of the Moscow region (Bryoria nadvornikiana (Gyeln.) Brodo et D. Hawksw., B. vrangiana (Gyeln.) Brodo et D. Hawksw., B. osteola (Gyeln.) Brodo et D. Hawksw., Usnea lapponica Vain.). Key words. Bioindication, distribution maps, epiphytic lichens, rare species, Red book of the Moscow region.