[in Chinese with English abstract: ] A short review of the lichenology in China is given by the present paper. A concept about the lichen systematic biology with three systems of storage and retrieval as a bridge between biodiversity in the nature and exploration of lichen resources is emphasized. The significance of lichen species and genes in desert biological carpet engineering is discussed. The secret that lichen doesn′t produce secondary metabolites is uncovered, and a new way to solve it has been found. Key words: lichenology in China, biodiversity, systematic biology, species and genes, resource biology.