[in Chinese with English abstract: ] A comprehensive research on lichen taxonomy and ecology of the macrolichens around the Bogda Mountains was conducted. Species diversity and distribution characteristics were analyzed and the environmental variables and ecological factors affecting macrolichens distribution were discussed. Totally 43 species of marcolichens in 15 genera, 11 family and 6 orders were found. Among them, species of the Lecanorales and Teloschistales were dominant, accounted for 81%, 67% and 55% of the sum total of species, genera and families, respectively. Five groups were recognized, they are: Physcia caesia + Xanthoria lobulata, Xanthoria candelaria + Physconia perisidiosa, Physcia tenella + Xanthoparmelia somloensis, Peltigera rufescens + Phaeophyscia sciastra and Phaeophyscia hispidula + Cladonia coniocraea. Elevation has a more significant impact on the species distribution pattern. This study provides scientific evidence for accurately determining the ecological relationship and the distribution pattern of macrolichens in Bogda Mountains. Key words: macrolichen, species diversity, distribution characteristics, Bogda Mountains, Xinjiang.