[in Chinese with English abstract: ] Seventeen species of the genus Pertusaria s. lat. are transferred to the recently resurrected genus Lepra. Lepra albopunctata and L. muricata are reported as new to China. Pertusaria sanguinulenta is synonymized with Lepra submultipuncta. Pertusaria brachyspora is excluded from the lichen checklist of China because of wrong identification. Some of the wrongly identified specimens cited in literature are corrected, and a key to the 37 Lepra species known in China is provided. Key words: lichen-forming fungi, taxonomy, new combinations, secondary metabolites, new records.