There are no reliable data on the species diversity, ecology and distribution within Cladonia chlorophaea group in Belarus. With this in mind, revision of all available material of this group by modern chemical methods seems to be urgently needed. This study is based on the samples with goblet-shaped podetia of lichen genus Cladonia housed in Belarusian State University (MSKU), F. Skorina Gomel State University (GSU), Ya. Kupala Grodno State University (GRSU) and V. F. Kuprevich Institute of experimental botany of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus (MSK) lichen herbaria. In total 514 specimens collected during 1937–2014 were studied. The specimens were examined using standard methods of microcopy with Nikon SMZ-745. Chemistry of lichens was studied by thin layer chromatography. As a result, three samples were found to contain homosekikaic acid complex. Two specimens appeared to be Cladonia homosekikaica Nuno, one specimen was Cladonia novochlorophaea Asahina. Both species are new to the county. Their morphological description and chemistry are provided in the article. The data obtained clarify the ecology and distribution of these species, both within our country and Europe. Key words: lichen; Cladonia chlorophaea; biodiversity; podetia; squamules; chemotaxonomy; chromatography; secondary metabolites.