The paper presents data on 11 lichen species of the genera Chaenotheca and Sclerophora in Belarus. A new locality of Chaenotheca cinerea has been discovered; until now the species was known in Belarus from the only record published in 1830. New localities of protected lichens C. chlorella and C. gracilenta are found. Data on localities, habitats and substrates of all species are provided. It is established, that C. chlorella, C. chrysocephala, C. gracilenta, C. phaeocephala, Sclerophora farinacea, S. pallida and S. peronella inhabit mainly the bark of old-growth deciduous or rarely coniferous trees. The specimens are deposited at the lichen herbarium of V. F. Kuprevich Institute of Experimental Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus (MSK-L). Keywords: lichens, Chaenotheca, Sclerophora, new records, distribution, ecology, red-listed species, Chaenotheca chlorella, Chaenotheca gracilenta, Belarus.