[in Chinese with English abstract:] Deterioration of stone cultural relics mainly caused by biotic factors is analyzed, and the present domestic and international situation of preservation, treatment and restoration methods of the cultural relics are reviewed. Lichens are the key organisms causing biodeterioration of stone cultural relics. As compared with the foreign countries, lichens causing deterioration of stone cultural relics and their treatment are still imperfectly known in China. Scientific investigations of the lichen species composition on stone cultural relics and the mechanism of lichen biodeterioration are urgently necessary. Developing effect and safe methods to remove the erosive lichens and the methods of monitoring and prevention of lichen deterioration are need fully formulated. Key words: stone cultural relics, lichens, biodeterioration, treatment.