[in Chinese with English abstract:] Community structure and species diversity of the saxicolous lichens in forest ecosystem of mountainous area of southern Urumqi were analyzed using the principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis methods. Forty-nine saxicolous lichen species belonging to 23 genera in 13 families of 4 orders were found in this ecosystem. According to the results of multivariate analysis and universal characteristics of habitat, the saxicolous lichen community in this forest ecosystem can be classified into three types: (1) Hygro-lichen community: Acarospora verruculosa + A. alphaplaca + Lecidea tessellata; (2) Xero-lichen community: Lecanora polytropa + Lecidea carpathica; (3) Alpino-lichen community: Verrucaria iaequalis + Dermatocarpon miniatum. The community 1 has highest species diversity (1.875) and community 3 has the lowest (1.147). Altitude and substrate types were important environmental factors influencing the structural patterns of saxicolous lichen community in this area.