Fifty-nine species of lichenicolous fungi are reported from the Northwest Caucasus. Abrothallus stroblii, Acremonium antarcticum, Arthonia coronata and Sclerococcum serusiauxii are new to Asia and Russia. Lichenopeltella сladoniarum is new to Asia. Cercidospora stenotropae, Cladophialophora parmeliae, Clypeococcum cladonema, Intralichen lichenum, Lichenoconium aeruginosum and L. cargillianum are new to Russia. Arthonia clemens, Cercidospora cf. macrospora, Cornutispora lichenicola, Lichenopeltella cetrariicola, Niesslia cladoniicola, Phaeopyxis punctum, Roselliniella cladoniae, Sphaerellothecium abditum, Stigmidium hafellneri, S. solorinarium and Zwackhiomyces berengerianus are new to the Caucasus. Cetrelia is a new host genus for Lichenoconium cargillianum, Flavoparmelia for Clypeococcum cladonema, Megaspora for Pyrenidium actinellum s.l., and Cladonia chlorophaea s.l. and C. coniocraea are both new host species for Niesslia cladoniicola. Keywords. – Biodiversity, biogeography, ecology, Asia.