New records of pyrenocarpous lichens of the genera Anisomeridium and Mycomicrothelia are reported from Australia, including four new national records. The type of Arthopyrenia picea Shirley (1889) is conspecific with the non-lichenized fungus Astrosphaeriella mauritiae K.D. Hyde & J. Fröhl. (1998), and therefore the new combination Astrosphaeriella picea (Shirley) Aptroot is made