Of the 20 currently accepted species of the genus Thelocarpon Nyl. 8 species are reported from the Czech Republic: T. epibolum, T. impf'essellum, T. intermediellum,T. laureri, T. lichenicola, T. olivaceum, T. pallidum and T. superellum. 5 species, T. epibolum, T. intermediellum, T. olivaceum, T. pallidum and T. superellum, are new for the Czech Republic. T. laureri is found to be a common species. T. epibolum and T. lichenicola are here reported from a number of localities, T. superellum is reported from 3 localities, T. olivaceum from 2 localities and both T. impressellum and T. pallidum only from 1 locality. A key to these species, distribution maps, localities as well as data on the ecology of all included species are provided. T. impressellum and T. lichenicola are reported for the first time from the Slovak Republic. Also, several additional records of T. epibolum and T. laureri are given from this country. Pycnidia of T. epibolum, T. intermediellum and T. lichenicola have been discovered and are described for the first time. Drawings of all these are added. Key words: Thelocarpon, pycnidia, Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, distribution maps, ecology.