Specimens under fourteen names of Caliciales (Ascomycotina; mainly lichens) in the herbarium of William Nylander in Helsinki (H-NYL) were revised. Ten taxa described by Nylander are also lectotypifed, viz. Cali dum diploellum, C. pallescens f. betulinum, C. pallescens var. inter ruptum, C. parietinum subsp. subparietinum, C. quercinum var. reum, C. retinens, Pyrgillus cubanus, P. sodalis, Sphinctrina fuscescens and S. gomphilloides. Three new combinations are proposed: Phaeocali- cium betulinum (Nyl.) Tibell, P iecaoahnterruptu and Chaenothecopsis retinens (Nyl.) Tibell. Sphinctrinafuscescens is con sidered a synonym of S. tubaeformis, Calidum quercinum var. subcinereum a synonym of C. lenticulare and C. parietinum subsp. subparietinum a synonym of Chaenothecopsis viridireagens. montellicum is re ported new to Java, Calicium leucochlorum new to Peru and C. tricolor new to Asia. Ascomycetes, Caliciales, lichens, Nylander, typifications