World monograph of the genus Pseudoparmelia is presented. There are 76 species, most occurring in dry subtemperate to tropical areas and especially concentrated in the arid scrub lands of South Africa, Australia, and Brazil. The genus is characterized 13) an unusually high number of species with divaricatic acid and related orcinol depsides. The following new species are described and combinations are proposed: Pseudoparmelia callichroa Kurok. sp. nov., P. concomitans sp. nov., P. conlabrosa sp. nov., P. dahlii sp. nov., P. neoquintaria sp. nov., P. subambigua sp. nov., P. subamplexa sp. nov., P. venezolana sp. nov., P. corrugativa (Kurok. & Fils.) comb. nov., P. exornata (Zahlbr.) comb. nov., P. gerlachei (Zahlbr.) comb. nov., P. papillosa (Lynge ex Gyeln.) comb. nov., P. rodriguesiana (Hue) comb. nov., P. schistacea (Kurok. & Fils.) comb. nov., P. scotophylla (Kurok.) comb. nov., P. sphaerospora (Nyl.) comb. nov., P. spodochroa (Kurok. & Fils.) comb. nov.]