Abstract: Species with rosecoloured apothecia of the lichen genus Baeomyces sens. lat. are studied and separated as Dibaeis Clem, One species (D. baeomyces) has a holarctic distribution. In the tropics occur 13 other species, 6 of them new for science. Two subgenera are recognized: Dibaeis subgen. Dibaeis with D. arcuata, D. baeomyces, D. birmensis spec, nov., D. Columbiana, D. fungoides, D. globulifera spec, nov., D. holstii, D. inaequalis spec, nov., D. pulogensis, D. umbrelliformis spec. nov. and D. weberi, and Dibaeis subgen. Apoda with D. absoluta, D. cretacea spec. nov. ined., D. sorediata spec. nov. and D. stipitata spec. nov. A key for ail known species of Dibaeis is provided as well as distribution maps which show that many species are confined to distinct floristic regions. The species with brownish apothecia of Baeomyces sens. lat. are kept in two genera. To Baeomyces Pers.: Fr. belong all species with a crustous thallus and containing stictic acid as a major substance, while to Phyllobaeis gen. nov. the species with a squamulous-folious thallus, containing norstictic acid as a major substance and a tropical distribution belong. Besides the type species Phyllobaeis imbricata, e. g. the following species belong here: Ph. erythrella, Ph. rhodochroa and Ph. rubescens. For confirmation of the proposed nomenclatural and systematic conclusions, type species of other genera in Baeomycetaceae and Cladoniaceae sens. Eriksson & Hawksworth (1991) are studied. Among these, Icmadophila, Knightiella and Pseudobaeomyces are treated in more detail and their affinities with Baeomyces, Dibaeis and Phyllobaeis are discussed. Comutispora ciliata, a parasitic coelomycete on Dibaeis cretacea, is described.