The following Alpine microlichens are reported from the Macaronesian bioregion (Canary Islands) for the first time: Rhizocarpon frigidum Räsänen (Gomera), Rhizocarpon geminatum Körb. (Pairna, Tenerife), Sporastatia testudinea (ACH.) MASS. (Tenerife). A first record of Rhizoearpon tavaresii Räsänen from Palma is also dealt with, which may serve as characteristic species of an acidophytic, photophytic, xerotolerant lichen association of the high mountain belt of the. Canary Islands (Rhizocarpetum. tavaresii FOLLM. ass. nova prov., Umbilicarietalia cylindricae). The chorology, ecology, and sociology of these crustose Acarosporaceae and Huiliaceae are briefly discussed.