Fulgensia canariensis FOLLM. et POELT (aff. Fulgensia desertorum [TOM.] POELT, sect. Fulgensia, Teloschistaceae)is described as a new crustose, terricolous lichen from the Canary Islands (Hierro, Tenerife), including a comparative analys,is of its morphology, chemistry, ecology, and sociology. Whereas the occurrence on the Canary Islands of Fulgensia fulgens (SWARTZ) ELENK. s. str. could not be confirmed, Fulgensia desertorum (TOM.) POELT and Fulgensia subbracteata (NYL.) POELT have been recorded for the first time from the Macaronesian bioregion. New data on the composition of the epigeic, xerophytic Diploschistetum a/bescentis KLEM. (Fulgensietalia desertorum, Psoretea decipientis) on the Canary Islands are also provided.