[in Russian with Englisg abstract: ] Relevance and Goal. The Prioksko-Terrasny State Nature Biosphere Reserve, with an area of 4945 ha, is in the Serpukhovsky District of the Moscow Region, in the southern part of the coniferous-broadleaved forest subzone. The lichen biota of the territory has been studied only partially until now. This work aims to update and expand the list of lichens and allied fungi in the State Reserve, as well as to conduct a brief analysis of the identified lichen biota. Material and methods. Available literary sources (beginning in 1906) were analyzed, and routing field excursions were conducted between 2023 and 2024. Materials were collected and studied using generally accepted lichenological techniques. A database is organized and maintained in MS Excel. Results and conclusion. An annotated checklist of the lichen biota of the Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve has been compiled. It comprises 239 species (including 5 questionable ones) from 93 genera and 48 families of lichens and allied fungi. Of these, 90 species are new to the reserve, and 11 are new to the Moscow region, namely: Chaenothecopsis vainioana, Clypeococcum hypocenomycis, Lecanora campestris, L. compallens, L. expallens, Lecanoropsis sarcopidoides, Lecidella carpathica, Lichenoconium erodens, L. lecanorae, Lichenodiplis lecanorae, Psilolechia clavulifera. Eleven lichen species protected in the Moscow Region have been previously observed in the nature reserve, and our research revealed new locations for four species listed in the regional Red Book. The lichen biota of the nature reserve includes 20 species from the preliminary list of indicator species of biologically valuable forest communities in the subzone of coniferous-broadleaved forests. Ecological-substrate analysis showed that most lichens are epiphytic. Epigeic and epilithic species are less common. Among epiphytes the biggest species richness was observed on aspen and birch, and the greatest number of unique species were found on aspen, pine and bird cherry. The greatest diversity of lichens is noted for coniferous and coniferous-broadleaved forests, which are both more widespread communities and communities that are more diverse in the tree species composition. Keywords: lichens and allied fungi, biodiversity, indicator species, protected species, protected areas, Moscow Region.