Seventeen species of lichenicolous fungi are recorded from South Africa as a result of a collecting trip to the Cape Provinces in 2005. Four of them proved to be new species: Cercidospora capensis on a Caloplaca s. lat., Endococcus bicinctus on Parmotrema, Feltgeniomyces combeae on Combea mollusca, and Trematosphaeropsis xanthomaculinae on Xanthoparmelia hottentotta. In this study the known distribution of some species is significantly extended. The known lichenicolous mycobiota of South Africa is thereby extended to 34 taxa, some of which as yet have no specific name. Key words: Ascomycota, Cape Provinces, four new taxa, lichen-dwelling fungi, lichens, taxonomy.