A new species Oxneriaria jiuquanensis is reported from China based on morphological, chemical, and phylogenetic evidence. It is characterized by verrucose-areolate thallus with peripherally elongated areoles, indistinct prothallus, sessile and lecanorine apothecia, weakly pruinose discs, ascospores 12.5–17.5 × 7.5–10 μm, moniliform paraphyses, and the presence of substictic acid. Detailed descriptions of morphological, chemical, and phylogenetic characteristics, as well as illustrations of the new species, are provided. A world-wide key to the species of genus Oxneriaria is also provided. Key words: crustose lichen, lichenized fungi, Megasporaceae, taxonomy.