As a result of studying the lichenological herbarium collections of LE, HERZ, LECB it was revealed that Usnea samjatnini Tomin is a new synonym of Usnea barbata (L.) F.H. Wigg. A lectotype of U. samjatnini Tomin is designated from specimens deposited in LE. The article provides information on the morphological, anatomical and chemotaxonomic features of polymorphic species U. barbata. Keywords: Usnea barbata, Usnea samjatnini, Russia, new synonym.