[in Russian with English abstract: ] The preliminary annotated list of lichen biota of the natural monument «Ryzhuha Swamp» (Biospheric reserve «Nerusso-Desnyanskoe Polesye», Bryansk region) is provided. The list includes 67 species belonging to 34 genera and 21 families of lichens and allied fungi. One species (Phaeocalicium polyporaeum) is new for the Bryansk region, 58 species are listed for the first time for the surveyed area. The record Cladonia sulphurina is the second in the Bryansk region and the first one confirmed by a herbarium specimen. Within the natural monument there are 3 species of lichens listed in the regional Red Data Book (Cetraria islandica, Imshaugia aleurites and Peltigera praetextata), 4 species are indicators of old-growth and undisturbed forest communities: Acrocordia gemmata, Arthonia helvola, A. spadicea, Chaenotheca stemonea. Cladonia turgida, C. verticillata, Julella fallaciosa, Lecanora compallens are also quite rare species in the Bryansk region. This list is probably far from complete, as only a small part of the vast area has been surveyed. Additional research is needed to identify the current diversity of the lichen biota of the natural monument «Ryzhuha Swamp». Keywords: lichens and allied fungi, protected nature territories, Nerusso-Desnyanskoye Polesye, rare species, Red Data Book of the Bryansk region.