A non-paginated paper/manuscript available at: https://www.mycotaxon.com/resources/checklists/Gueidan_v135-4-s-checklist.pdf Lichen-dominated biological soil crusts are particularly abundant in a large area extending from East to West across the southern half of Australia. Ecological studies have historically contributed to the knowledge on the diversity and distribution of lichen species found in biocrust communities. A 1996 study of biocrusts in New South Wales recorded 48 lichen species. Subsequently, in 2021, 52 terricolous lichen species were listed across the Australian Capital Territory and the surrounding areas of New South Wales. Ongoing taxonomic studies have since refined our knowledge of biocrust lichens. Here we review the ecological and taxonomic literature and compile the first version of a checklist of lichens from biocrusts in Australian drylands. A total of 127 taxa in 44 genera are reported, with their distribution drawn mostly from the literature. This first version of the checklist contains both yet-to-be confirmed species and yet-to-be revised groups, and will likely evolve as more taxonomic studies are carried out. It aims to provide baseline biodiversity data which will aid the development of new species identification tools for cryptogams from biocrust communities. Keywords – biocrusts, Australian rangelands, terricolous lichens.