Lichens are defined as a symbiotic relationship between filamentous fungi, photosynthesis capable organism (algae and/or cyanobacteria), and bacterial community. Such a complex symbiotic system with a wide diversity suggests the existence of molecules that are used as a way to induce such symbiosis or as a protection against hostile elements. This has led to the search for potentially useful molecules in numerous fields, among which antibacterial properties. While still under-explored, lichens have demonstrated an interesting antibacterial activity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the advancement of this field through the most prominent finding concerning the use of lichens, whether as crude extracts or their purified substances, against various pathogenic bacteria. As a result, these molecules, showed a significant inhibitory effect against pathogenic bacteria. Subsequently, this review highlighted the studies that searched for a potential synergy between lichenic acids and standard antibiotics. Consequently, the present work showed that lichens could be considered as a promising source of antibiotic molecules. Furthermore, this study emphasized the need for more in-depth research of lichen's molecules, by both screening for potentially useful molecules and understanding the mode of action of these bioactive compounds.