The basidiolichen Bryoclavula dryalisepiplutea with clavarioid basidiomata was recently described from Texas (USA). The species is here reported from the Netherlands, where it was found on loamy soil in open patches in a heathland. It is the first record of a Bryoclavula species from Europe, where up till now the only known species of clavarioid basidiolichens belonged to the genus Multiclavula. The ITS and LSU sequences of Dutch material showed a 100 and 99.3% match with sequences of the holotype of Bryoclavula dryalisepiplutea, respectively. Bryoclavula dryalisepiplutea is phylogenetically distinct from Bryoclavula phycophila, known from Japan and currently the only other species from the genus. However, the two Bryoclavula species are morphologically similar, and the Dutch material is morphologically intermediate between the type descriptions of Bryoclavula dryalisepiplutea and B. phycophila. Hence, the usefulness of morphological characteristics for identification of the two Bryoclavula species is discussed. Keywords: biodiversity, fungi, lichens, phylogeny, taxonomy.