One of the most important problems is the study and conservation of biological diversity of our planet. The study of the flora species composition of any territory is the basis for the botanical and ecological research. One of the ways to control the environment is environmental monitoring. Fungi bacteria, complex symbiotic associations which include lichens, can be indicators of the state of the environment and its components. When predicting the state of the environment, especially air, representatives of lichen biota are widely used: species composition, distribution of lichens in cities, industrial centers, regions and states. Registration of indicators of lichen biota is part of the observation program of many stations of the global environmental monitoring network. It is important to study lichens in areas subject to the excessive economic impact, which includes Kalmykia.