[in Russian with English abstract: ] The paper presents data on new findings, first discovered in the territory of the Buzuluk Bor (Pinewood) National Park, of which 8 species are lichens (Chaenotheca stemonea, Cladonia conista, C. grayi, C. monomorpha, Lecidella elaeochoma, Melanelixia glabratula, M. septentrionalis, Toninia populorum) and 2 species are lichenicolous fungi (Briancoppinsia cytospora, Pronectria leptaleae). Of these, Cladonia conista was first found in the south of European Russia, Briancoppinsia cytospora, Chaenotheca stemonea, Cladonia conista, C. grayi, C. monomorpha, Lecidella elaeochoma, Melanelixia glabratula, M. septentrionalis and Toninia populorum were first recorded in the territory of the Orenburg region, and the species Pronectria leptaleae was found new for the territory of the Samara region. Taking into account these taxa, the diversity of the lichen biota of the Buzuluk Bor National Park currently comprises 206 species, including 25 lichenicolous fungi, traditionally included in lichen reports. Prospects for further research and unresolved problems are given. Key words: Lichen biota, Orenburg region, Samara region, southern part of European Russia.