[in Japanese with English abstract: ] Foliicolous lichens were found on the living leaves of deciduous broad-leaved trees in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan, in November 2023. Morphological observations and molecular analyses identified four species belonging to Gomphillaceae: Calenia sp., Gyalectidium setiferum, Gyalectidium sp. and Gyalideopsis sp. Among them, three species, except for Gyalectidium sp., developed hyphophores (asexual reproductive structures) within eight months, suggesting asexual maturity in natural environments.