None species of the genus Leptochidium was previously known within the Caucasus. In the mountain pine forest of Dagestan on siliceous rock outcrops we found a first species of this genus – Leptochidium albociliatum. In the lichen flora of Russia, L. albociliatum was known only from northern and arctic regions of the European part with the latest record dates back more than 100 years ago. Description of the genus Leptochidium and the species L. albociliatum with information of its habitat, distribution and comparison with L. crenatulum are given. Keywords: Dagestan, highland, floristic studies, new findings, pine forest.