Thirty two species of Cladonia are reported from Mongolia. Several species are new to the country, viz. C. acuminata var. norrlinii, C. deformis, C. kanewskii, C. merochlorophaea, C. mitis, C. pleurota, and C. polycarpoides. C. symphycarpa is mainly represented by a psoromic acid strain and a new Pd+ red strain is reported under C. crispata.