Biomarkers of pollution by glyphosate in the lichens,Parmotrema tinctorium and Usnea barbata
- Author:
- dos Santos A.M., Bessa L.A., Augusto D.S.S., Vasconcelos Filho S.C., Batista P.F. & Vitorino L.C.
- Year:
- 2023
- Journal:
- Brazilian Journal of Biology
- Pages:
- 83: e273069 [22 p.]
- Url:
- https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.273069
Glyphosate is a herbicide commonly used in agriculture for weed control. Current agricultural production demands
vast amounts of this product, which are applied by ground or aerial spraying. The concomitant aerial currents
promote glyphosate drift to vegetated or urban areas. In this context, we hypothesized that the lichens, Parmotrema
tinctorum and Usnea barbata, could be sensitive to the action of glyphosate and therefore be used to bio-indicate the
presence of this herbicide in areas affected by drift. Since living organisms respond in different ways to the action
of herbicides, our interest was also to indicate biological markers responsive to the action of glyphosate, through
concentrations and exposure times of the thallus, besides identifying the most sensitive species. We evaluated
the effect of different concentrations (0.0, 4.8, 9.6, and 19.2 mg L-1) and exposure times (24, 48, and 72 hours) to
glyphosate on the morphoanatomy, photobiont vitality, photosynthetic efficiency, and oxidative metabolism of
the thalli. We found that the lichens, P. tinctorum and U. barbata, respond to glyphosate stress, with prospects for
use in the biomonitoring of pollutant dispersal from plantation areas. When using P. tinctorum as a bioindicator,
lichen morphoanatomy, photobiont vitality, and photosynthetic pigment concentration were efficient biomarkers
for the effect of concentration and exposure time. For U. barbata, the lichenic morphoanatomy and the activity
of SOD and APX enzymes were essential tools to indicate the herbicide action. Parmotrema tinctotum, however,
was characterized as more sensitive in bio-indicating the presence of this herbicide to diagnose the air quality in
urban areas or vegetation sectors adjacent to agricultural environments.
Keywords: biomonitoring, photobionts, herbicides, mycobionts, Parmeliaceae.
- Id:
- 37060
- Submitter:
- zpalice
- Post_time:
- Monday, 18 November 2024 14:35