[in Czech with English abstract:] Na Skalách Nature Reserve (24.04 ha; alt. 674–746 m) protects fragments of old-growth beech forests, lydite rocks, and screes. Although this locality has historically been affected by ore mining, it has apparently never been completely deforested. The area is currently rich in various habitats and substrates suitable for a diverse lichen biota. During a survey conducted in 2023, 173 lichen species, 4 lichenicolous fungi, and 9 non-lichenised fungi were recorded in the reserve. The epiphyte communities on bark were the most species-rich (106 species), but many rare species occur on rock substrates. The most valuable records include Alyxoria ochrocheila, Cladonia asahinae, Icmadophila ericetorum, Kirschsteiniothelia aethiops, K. recessa, Lecanora cf. aitema, Leptorhaphis epidermidis, Porpidia cinereoatra, Sclerophora peronella, Stereocaulon dactylophyllum, and Xanthoparmelia mougeotii. Absconditonia sublignicola and Micarea osloensis are reported for the first time from the Czech Republic, but they will be simultaneously published in other studies. Nine lichen species are records new to the Brdy Highlands. Molecular data from ITS and/or mtSSU sequences support the identification of ten specimens. Key words: biodiversity, Bohemia, boulder screes, old-growth beech forest.