[in Czech with English abstract:] Milá Nature Reserve (19.94 ha; alt. 385–510 m) protects basalt rocks, screes, xerothermic grasslands and natural deciduous forests on very steep slopes of the volcanic hill of Milá. These habitats are very important for many red-listed plant and insect species. During a survey in 2022, 150 lichen species and 4 nonlichenised fungi were recorded in the reserve. The highest numbers of rare and endangered species occur in saxicolous communities. Their lichen biota is quite uniform especially in sunlit places and consists mostly of acidophilous species. Carbonea assimilis, Dimelaena oreina, Fuscidea recensa, Immersaria athroocarpa, Pertusaria leucosora, Pleopsidium flavum, Rhizoplaca subdiscrepans, Rimularia insularis, and Xanthoparmelia tinctina represent the most valuable records. Epiphyte communities are more species-rich in open-canopy forests, on shrubs and solitary trees. They consist mainly of widespread nitrophilic lichens. Eleven specimens are supported by molecular ITS and/or mtSSU data, including potentially undescribed Bacidina and Verrucaria species. Key words: basalt rocks, biodiversity, deciduous forest, relict habitat, Verrucaria.