The morphological side of Schwendener's theory may be now regarded as fully proved. The opponents have confined themselves on the whole to à priori arguments, and of those who have applied themselves to carefully working out afresh the relations of hypha and gonidium, several, if not all, have been converted to the new views. No one can have much faith in the haphazard style of preparation and examination known, par excellence, as the “lichenological.” However, one or two points remain which have not as yet received much attention. These are the beautiful symmetry of the lichen as a whole, the rareness of the application of the hypha to the gonidium, and the generally healthy look of the gonidia themselves. All this contrasts greatly with what we find, as a rule, in the relations of parasitical fungus and host.