[in Spanish with English abstract:] Species of the genera Athallia, Blastenia, Calogaya, Caloplaca, Flavoplaca, Gyalolechia, Kuettlingeria, Pyrenodesmia, Rufoplaca, Sanguineodiscus, Variospora, and Xanthocarpia, of the family Teloschistaceae, formerly all belonging to the genus Caloplaca s.l, of aquatic environments with greater or lesser resistance to immersion, are studied. All of them with scarce presence in papers on this type of habitats. We intend to better know its ecology by studying the enclosed species considered as indicative for the different zones of these environments. The specimens were collected in beds and margins of rivers and streams, belonging to 41 localities of the Iberian Peninsula, 36 Spanish and 5 Portuguese. Twenty species were obtained in these environments, thirteen of which resist well the immersion, while seven are episodic or accidentally submerged. Pyrenodesmia micromontana and Xanthocarpia diffusa are new records for the Iberian Peninsula. A key of determination, based on morphological characteristics, is also proposed. Keywords: Lichenized fungi; Teloschistaceae; Europe; riverbanks; inland waters. Note: a typographic error of the first author's surname as "Valcárce".