Lichens and lichenicolous fungi from eastern Thuringia, with references to some rarely reported Acarospora species from Europe. Remarkable finds of lichens and lichenicolous fungi from eastern Thuringia, occasionally from other parts and the neighbouring federal states, are reported. In addition, Acarospora saxonica is discussed in more detail. This species is new to Italy, Austria and Switzerland. New for Germany are Acarospora irregularis, Verrucaria elevata, and V. inaspecta. New for Thuringia are Acarospora franconica, A. intermedia, A. saxonica and A. similis, new for Hesse Acarospora franconica and A. intermedia and new for Saxony-Anhalt are Rinodina teichophila and Verrucaria ochrostoma. After several decades, Lichenodiplis lecanorae was found again in Thuringia and Acarospora intermedia in Hesse and Thuringia. Findings of the lichens Hydropunctaria rheithrophila, Peltigera lepidophora, Physcia tribacia, Placidium michelii and Placidium pilosellum, which are rare in Thuringia, are also reported. Myriospora scabrida, Placidium lachneum, Verrucaria beltraminiana and Verrucaria botellispora are to be deleted from the list of lichens of Thuringia, the occurrence of Bacidina brandii in Thuringia is doubtful. Key words: Lichenized Ascomycota, lichenicolous Ascomycota, distribution, mycobiota, taxonomy.