The Carpathian arc runs for a distance of 1500 km between latitudes 50°N and 44°N and longitudes 17° E and 27° E across the territory of seven countries (UNEP 2007). The area is divided into the Western Carpathians, Eastern Carpathians, Southern Carpathians and Western Romanian Carpathians (Fig. 1; Kondracki 1989). The highest elevations occur in the Tatras (Gerlachovský štít 2655 m a.s.l.) and the Fa ̆ga ̆ras ̧ (Moldoveanu 2544 m a.s.l.). The Carpathians are a segment of the Alpine system, with a heterogeneous lithology and folded and faulted structures, separated by Neogene and Quaternary sediment-filled intra-montane depressions. Flysch sedimentary rocks (turbidites) form the external zone present in the Western and Eastern Carpathians. The more complex, internal zone consists of crystalline, calcareous, conglomerate and volcanic rocks, which build ranges or isolated blocks along the whole Carpathian arc (Kondracki 1989; Haas 2012)