Umbilicaria phaea var. coccinea: conservation status, variety rank, and secondary chemistry
- Author:
- Allen J.L., Calabria L.M., Braid H.E., Peterson E., Villella J., Sheehy S., Glew K., Graves J.M., Berim A., Bull R.D., Lymbery C.T. & McMullin R.T.
- Year:
- 2022
- Journal:
- Bryologist
- Pages:
- 125(3): 387–405
- Url:
- https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-125.3.387
Originally described from a single collection in northern California, Umbilicaria phaea var. coccinea
has since been reported from additional sites in California, Oregon and Washington. Although relatively rare
in all three states, there is currently no conservation status for U. phaea var. coccinea in California. Developing
conservation strategies and status ranks requires a sound understanding of distribution, frequency, habitat
requirements and taxonomic placement. Therefore, we evaluated distributions and constructed climate
envelope models for both varieties of U. phaea. Umbilicaria phaea var. coccinea appears to be restricted to
relatively small habitats within the range of U. phaea var. phaea and is only locally common in portions of the
Klamath River watershed. To assess evolutionary relationships between the varieties, we evaluated four
molecular loci: ITS2, LSU, Mcm7, and mtSSU. A combined phylogeny using maximum-likelihood and
Bayesian inference indicated that U. phaea is monophyletic. Within the U. phaea clade, var. coccinea and var.
phaea do not form mutually exclusive, monophyletic clades; instead, individuals are intermixed. Based on
variation in pigment production, morphology, and geographic distribution, we recommend continued
designation of U. phaea var. coccinea as a variety. To better understand the chemical diversity within U. phaea,
we compared qualitative differences between secondary metabolite profiles of U. phaea var. phaea and U.
phaea var. coccinea acetone extracts using ultraperformance-liquid chromatography high resolution tandem
mass spectrometry in negative ion mode. UV spectroscopy, thin-layer chromatography and chemical spot
testing were used to further characterize the compounds present. Overall, ten compounds were detected in
extracts of U. phaea var. phaea and U. phaea var. coccinea. Five previously known chemical substances were
identified in both U. phaea varieties including: orsellinic acid, lecanoric acid, hiascic acid, gyrophoric acid, and
orsellinylgyrophorate, along with four unknown metabolites. One additional unknown substance whose
chemical properties are consistent with a polyhydroxylated anthraquinone pigment was detected only in U.
phaea var. coccinea. Given its rarity, chemical uniqueness, and distinct ecological association, U. phaea var.
coccinea warrants a protected status throughout its range.
Keywords: Conservation biology, biodiversity, biogeography, Pacific Northwest, climate change,
integrative taxonomy.
- Id:
- 34479
- Submitter:
- zdenek
- Post_time:
- Thursday, 14 July 2022 01:44