We provide a list of 15 lichens and allied fungi that are currently only known to occur in Canada. Our analysis builds on previous initiatives to identify nationally endemic species. Some of these species are newly described and occur in southern Canada and may still be discovered in the United States. Five species occur in areas that have been identified as hotspots for nationally endemic species. These results can be used to prioritize species assessments and conservation actions in Canada. Our approach can also be applied to refine Canada’s list of nationally endemic species for other cryptic taxonomic groups. Key words: Biodiversity, conservation, biogeography, species at risk, protected areas.