[in Russian with English summary: ] Tholurna dissimilis, a rare corticolous dwarf fruticose lichen with a specific ecology, was discovered in Russia for the first time since 1936 in the Sallatunturi Ridge in the southwestern part of the Murmansk Region. Tholurna has a specialized ecology occurring in extremely exposed habitats, on decaying twigs in the uppermost parts of low spruce trees growing above the tree-line. Information on all early findings of T. dissimilis in the territory of Russia is provided. For the first time, a complete description of the species in Russian, its ecology and distribution in Russia and the world are presented. Keywords: lichens, new finding, distribution, Murmansk Region.