[in Chinese with English abstract: ] Based on morphology, anatomy, chemistry and molecular biology, a new species of lichenized fungus Astrothelium, A. sinense, and a new record to China A. macrocarpum were reported. The new species is characterized by thallus bullate-folded, perithecia surrounded by whitish rim except for dark ostiolar area, and thallus and pseudostromata with lichexanthone both showing UV+ yellow. Comparisons and discussions with their similar species were provided. These are basic data for compilation of Flora Lichenum Sinicorum. Key words: lichenized fungi, Dothideomycetes, Trypetheliales, phenotype, genotype.