The Kabardino-Balkarian Republic is located in the central part of the northern macro-slope of the Caucasus. The Republic differs sharply from the rest of the North Caucasus in terms of climatic indicators, geomorphological and lithological features. Only 312 species were previously known in the Republic according to the literature and data of our local floristic study. This paper presents data on 20 species and 5 genera (Alyxoria, Athallia, Carbonea, Physciella, Pleopsidium) new to the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. The information on their distribution in the Caucasus with data on the localities is given. Five species are recorded for the first time in the Central Caucasus: Brodoa atrofusca, Cetraria muricata, Cladonia cornuta, Lepra schaereri, Ramalina subgeniculata. For these species the characteristic features of specimens are given, and the nearest locality is cited. Key words: lichens, new records, Central Caucasus, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Nalchik, «Prielbrusye» National Park.