Diploschistes wui is described as a new species, based on three collections from Xinjiang in Northwestern China. It is characterized by a bluish gray and thin thallus, epruinose discs, small, 8-spored asci, and small ascospores. The new lichen resembles D. rampoddensis but is readily distinguished by the absence of surface crystals and pruinose discs. It grows on rocks at elevations above 1800 m. Our ITS rDNA sequence analyses support this species as independent. Key words—biodiversity, central Asia, Graphidaceae, Ostropales, taxonomy.