[in Chinese with English abstract:] Altitude is one of the most important factors influencing lichen biodiversity. Understanding the altitudinal distribution patterns of lichens is the first step towards the effective protection of lichen biodiversity. The lichen genus Peltigera tends to distribute at higher altitudes [(2,022±995)m] with a narrow altitudinal range (68% species occurring between 1,694－2,954m), suggesting its biodiversity can be highly affected by global warming. A unimodal distribution pattern was detected for both species richness and individual richness of the genus. The eleven species examined in detail have different altitudinal patterns that seem to be related to altitude. The altitudinal distribution of the eleven species evidently supports the Rapoport rule. The following four lichens may be most sensitive to global warming due to their high altitude distribution and narrow altitude range, viz.: Peltigera continentalis, P. dolichospora, P. kristinssonii and P. venosa. Key words: Peltigera, altitudinal gradient, normal distribution, biodiversity conservation.