39 cetrarioid species and infraspecific taxa from 11 genera (Cetraria, Cetrariella, Cetrelia, Cetreliopsis, Coelopogon, Dactylina, Flavocetraria, Nephromopsis, Nimisia, Platismatia, Tuckermanopsis) have been recorded in the southern hemisphere. A key to the species, based on morphological, anatomical and chemical characters, is presented. Distribution patterns of all treated taxa are categorized and briefly characterized.